Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.     

Nisin 对 Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 和 Bifidobac

在MRS平板上，采用琼脂扩散法测定了Nisin对Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5和Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12生长的抑制作用。当Nisin浓度≥50ug/ml时，对Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5表现出强烈的抑制作用，而Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12则几乎不生长，即使Nisin的浓度仅为25ug/ml，当L.acidophilus La-5和B.bifidum Bb-12单独或两者共同在37℃发酵10％（w/w)还原脱脂奶时，脱脂奶中添加的50ug/ml Nisin对B.bifidum Bb-12表现出杀菌作用，而对L.acidophilus La-5则为抑菌作用。当延长培养时间后。L.acidophilus La-5的存在可以降低Nisin对B.bifidum Bb-12的致死作用。     

13～18周龄笼养蛋鸭适宜蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平的研究

用 32 4羽满 1 2周龄的金定鸭 ,通过饲养试验、代谢试验、屠宰试验和对试鸭产蛋期 (1 9～ 2 8周龄 )产蛋性能的观察 ,研究了在等能条件下(ME :1 1 51MJ/kg) ,不同蛋白质水平 (CP :1 3 %、 1 5 %、 1 7% )和蛋氨酸水平 (Met/CP :0 0 1 7、 0 0 2 2、 0 0 2 7)组成的 9种饲粮对 1 3～ 1 8周龄笼养蛋鸭的生长性能、养分利用、体成分沉积和产蛋期产蛋性能的影响。结果表明 :该阶段饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对体增重影响不显著 (P >0 0 5) ;体增重与蛋氨酸 (% )呈一定的正相关 (r=0 4574) ;CP为 1 3%、Met/CP为 0 0 2 7组采食量一直较稳定、较高 ,且饲料效率又好。代谢试验 :不同粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平饲粮对试鸭氮存留率和能量的利用率影响显著(P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1 ) ,且它们随饲粮CP水平的升高而降低 ,随蛋氨酸水平升高而升高 ;磷的利用率也分别以CP为 1 3%的水平和Met/CP为 0 0 2 7的水平极显著地高于其他水平对磷利用率 (P <0 0 1 )。屠宰试验 :当Met/CP为 0 0 2 7时 ,体氮沉积量和体磷沉积量最佳。产蛋性能 :开产日龄和高峰日龄与 1 3～ 1 8周龄CP食入量呈弱的负相关 (r=- 0 1 83 3和r=- 0 0 984) ,与蛋氨酸食入量呈正相关 (r =0 5780和r =0 435 0 )。饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对 1 9～ 2 8周龄     

湖羊生长性状遗传参数的估测

对湖羊生长性状的表型参数和遗传参数的估测表明，性别对这些生长性状有极显著的影响，在遗传参数的估测中剔除性别的效应可提高估计的正确性。初生重、断奶重、三月龄重、六月龄重、周岁重和日增重等性状都属于高遗传力性状，遗传力分别为０．４１９０，０．３０４２．０．６０２３，０．６０７７，０．３９５６和０．６９４５．根据相关分析结果，为提高湖羊的生长速度和肉用性能，把日增重和三月龄重作为主要选择性状，预期可获得较好的效果     

辽宁西部半干旱地区油松纯林改造的研究

喀左县位于辽宁西部地区，现存大面积油松人工纯林，不仅改善地力和水土保持效益差，而且火险性强、虫害蔓延成灾、生长早期衰退。为改善其林分生态条件，提高林木生长量和综合效益，在中三家镇对25年生油松人工纯林进行改造试验。结果表明，选择山杏、刺槐、沙棘等乔、灌木树种，利用林间空地、林缘隙地、侵蚀沟壑和疏林地造林，在大面积油松纯林连片地区进行窄带状或块状砍伐后造林，5年后效益显著，林分相对湿度提高了2．2％，土壤有机质含量提高5．4％，土壤含水量提高9．8％，减轻土壤容重３％,林分虫害明显下降，油松树高、胸径生长量分别提高22．6％、19．8％。     

山地橄榄主要病虫害种类及其防治措施

介绍了山地橄榄2种病害：叶斑病、炭疽病；5种虫害：橄榄星室木虱、黑刺粉虱、恶性叶甲、橄榄枯叶蛾、橄榄野螟的主要特征和危害症状，并提出了防治措施。     

Markers, old and new, for examining Phytophthora infestans diversity

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans , is an ongoing threat to potato and tomato crop production worldwide and considerable fundamental and applied research is conducted with the long-term aim of improved disease control. Understanding the mechanisms, processes and rates of P. infestans evolution is an important factor in predicting the effectiveness and durability of new management practices. A range of phenotypic and genotypic tests has been applied to achieve this goal, but each has limitations and new methods are sought. Recent progress in P. infestans genomics is providing the raw data for such methods and new high-throughput codominant biomolecular markers are currently being developed that have tremendous potential in the study of P. infestans population biology, epidemiology, ecology, genetics and evolution. This paper reviews some key applications, recommends some changes in approach and reports on the status and potential of new and existing methods for probing P. infestans genetic diversity.     

Genetic diversity estimates in Cicer using AFLP analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic variation among cultivated chickpea and wild Cicer relatives. In total, 214 marker loci were assessed, of which 211 were polymorphic (98.6%) across the 95 accessions that represented 17 species of Cicer. The genetic variation within a species was highest in C. pinnatifidum followed by C. reticulatum and lowest in C. macracanthum. Three main species groups were identified by UPGMA clustering using Nei's pair‐wise distance calculations. Group I included the cultivated species C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Within this group, C. reticulatum accessions were clustered closest to the C. arietinum cultivars ‘Lasseter’, ‘Kaniva’ and ‘Bumper’, supporting the hypothesis that C. reticulatum is the most probable progenitor of the cultivated species. Cicer bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were clustered together creating group II. Group III contained all nine perennial species assessed and two annual species C. yamashitae and C. cuneatum. The genetic distance detected between group I and group III (0.13) was equivalent to the genetic distance detected between group I and group II (the primary and annual tertiary species, respectively; 0.14). This indicated that the perennial tertiary species may be as valuable for increasing variation to incorporate novel germplasm in the cultigen as the annual tertiary species.     

通过农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆的研究

本研究以大豆体细胞胚为受体。用农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆基因组中．获得了抗性植株。经GUS染色、PCR及PCR-southern杂交等分子检测。证明目的基因已导入并整合到大豆基因组中。为利用大豆作为生物反应器生产口蹄疫新型口服疫苗奠定了基础。     

中国西门塔尔牛第6号染色体上部分微卫星的特征

利用微卫星技术对牛第6号染色体上9个微卫星位点进行了研究,检测其在中国西门塔尔牛育种核心群中152头母牛的多态性。本试验9个位点中,BM4528为单态,BM4203属于中度多态位点(0.5>PIC>0.25),而其它的7个位点均是高度多态位点(PIC>0.5)。